About 250 million years ago, at the end of the Permian period, something killed some 90 percent of the planet's species. Less than 5 percent of the animal species in the seas survived. On land ...

The period of time before the Triassic was called the Permian. This was a time when a wide variety of animals lived, including a group of animals called the synapsids, which would later evolve ...

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Among them were the chordates, to which vertebrates (animals with backbones) such as humans belong ... the mega-extinction that ended the Permian period 251 million years ago.

This illustration shows the percentage of marine animals that went extinct at the end of the Permian era by latitude, from the model (black line) and from the fossil record (blue dots).